양성과정_영어

문법

* 연결동사 (2형식 동사)

   ─ 주어와 술어의 연결. 명사나 형용사와 함께 쓰여서 주어의 상태, 상황, 감각 등과 관련한 자연스러운 표현

   ─ 감각 : feel, taste, smell, sound, look

       + The stew smells a little spicy.

       + Tom sounded very ill on the phone.

       + Do you feel any better now?

   ─ 상태/변화 : become, appear, seem, turn, grow, remain, stay

       + You have the right to remain silent.

       + Regular stretching appears effect for the chronical backache.

       + I turn red whenever I speak to somebody.

   ─ Your proposal seems pretty nice(a), but impractical.

   ─ The ten best(순서주의) ways to stay calm(a) and reduce stress are as follows.

 

 

* 타동사 + to R, 타동사 + ~ing

   ─ 타동사 + to R : afford to, agree to, aim to, arrange to, claim to, consent to, decide to, determine to, deserve to, fail to, hesitate to, hope to, learn to, manage to, mean to, pretend to, proceed to, plan to, promise to, refuse to, resolve to, seem to, wish to, want to

       + I hope to meet all of you at the party.

       + They decided to buy a new copy machine.

       + The city has planned to build another amusement park.

       + He refuse to join our project team.

   ─ 타동사 + ~ing : admint ~ ing, advise ~ing, avoide ~ing, consider ~ing, delay ~ing, deny ~ing, enjoy ~ing, finish ~ing, give up ~ing, keep ~ing, mind ~ing, miss ~ing, postpone ~ing, put off ~ing, quit ~ing, suggest ~ing, resist ~ing

       + He enjoys cooking for his daughter every weekend.

       + Saudi Arabia is considering sending trooops to Iraq.

       + You can quit smoking without using a nicotine replacement.

       + I finished building my website yesterday.

   ─ Don't hesitate to contact (with X) me if you have any questions.

   ─ He denied having told me the secret.

   ─ He is considering sending her a letter.

 

  

* Have + p.p

   ─ 과거부터 현재까지 지속상태

   ─ 동사 뒤에 for + 기간(for five yours, for such a long time, since + 과거시점의 구/절)

       + I have been with this company since last your.

       + I have been working on this project for two months.

       + The building hasn't been renovated since it was established in 1990

       + I have been searching for a job for quite a while.

       + How long have you owned this computer?

       + Sally and I have been shopping for three hours.

       + How long have you been teaching English?

       + I have lived in this village since I was born.

       + Dian has been crying all day since you left.

 

 

* It is 형용사 to R

   ─ ~하는 것은 ~하다. to R이 진주어

   ─ to R의 의미상 실질주어 언급하려면 'for + 목적격'으로 to R앞에 위치

       + It is difficult for me to solve this question.

       + It is necessary to upgrade our computer.

       + Is it possible to create something completely new?

       + It is important to follow each direction.

       + Will it be difficult to remove my personal information?

       + It is better to leave the heater on?

       + It is impossible for me to finish the report by tomorrow.

       + it is important for us to choose the right software.

       + It is so kind of you to help me

       + It is foolish for(X of.사람의 성격일 경우 of) Jonathan to do such a thing.

       + The presentation is divided into four parts.

 

 

* 현재분사, 과거분사

   ─ 현재분사 능동, 과거분사 수동, 형용사, 분사구문 등

       + His performance is disappointing.

       + I was disappointed at his performance.

       + We heard the surprising news about Mr. Johnson.

       + You should check my brocken leg.

       + I am doing my own business.

       + I was fascinated with your work.

       + Jen has lost her wallet.

       + A sleeping baby feels like heaven.(한정적)

       + Fallen leaves are telling us that it's autumn again.(한정적)

       + The movie was very interesting.(서술적)

       + All the participants has been enthusiastically involved with the activity.(서술적)

       + Jogging on the Hemington Road, I saw a car accident.(부사절 대신하는 분사구문)

       + Interested in reading, he used to buy a book almost every week.

       + The crying baby had a wet diaper.

       + He walked away from the wrecked car.

       + To design such an intelligent building would be challenged(X challenging).

       + We were all surprised at the shocking news.

       + We just want to make sure that this is advantageous to both of us.

       + He walked away from the wrecked car.

       + Bored with the conversation, she left her room quietly.

 

 

* It takes ~ to R

   ─ ~하는데 얼마만큼 시간이 걸리다.

   ─ 구체적 주어는 It takes me ~ to 또는 It takes ~ for me to ~

       + It takes me only a minute to change my life.

       + It takes only a munute for me to change my life.

       + It takes me about an hour to get to work.

       + It took me all night long to do the homework.

       + It takes forever to download music to my computer.

       + How long does it take to receive my product?

       + It usually takes me more than two weeks to prepare the seminar.

       + How long willl take for me to become a millionare?

       + It took me a while to understand her situation.

       + It took then years for him to recover from mental illness.

       + How long will they(X it) take to develop the pictures?

      + She and I have known each other for over ten years.

      + James has been reading a paper all the way this morning

 

 

* 의문사 + to R

   ─ 의문사 what, how, where, when, which, whom + to R 명사구 만듬

   ─ 주어, 목적어, 보어 역할

   ─ which는 which way to go 처럼 의문사 which 뒤에 명사 함께 올 수 있음. 의문형용사

   ─ whom은 who로 대체 경향

       + I don't know how to deal with the problem.

       + Does anyone know what to do next?

       + Please tell him how to play the game in detail.

       + Why didn't you ask me when to start the meeting?

       + could you please tell me which way to go?

       + You should decide where to put this sofa right now.

       + We haven't decided when to move to Chicago.

       + Today, we are going to learn what to eat to prevent cancer.

       + Please let me know whom to contact in an emergency.

       + When you are not sure of which way to go, just stop and ask.

 

 

* I wonder if 명사절

   ─ 조건절, 가정법인 if를 know, wonder, be sure 등의 뒤에 두면 '~인지 아닌지'의미로 명사절 이끔

   ─ if 외에도 whether 가능. 문장 뒤 'or not'

       + I don't know if he accepts my proposal.

       + I don't know whether he accepts my proposal or not.

       + I wonder if we are allowed to take pictures in here.

       + I'm not sure if I am doing the right thing.

       + They want to know if the president will attend the meeting or not.

       + I don't know if Hillary still lives here.

       + Catherine is just wonder if you can lend her some money.

       + Do you want to know if they hire emplooyees this year?

       + He is sure that he will be the winner.

       + Are you sure that you want to delete the date permanently?

       + I'm not sure which(X if) I can help you.

   ─ that 도 사용 가능. He is sure that ~, Are you sure that~ 등

 

 

* 관계대명사 that

   ─ 선행사가 사람, 사물일 때 주격, 목적격 모두 사용가능. 소유격 안됨

선행사	사람	사물
주격	who, that	which, that
목적격	whom, that	which, that
소유격	whose	of which, whose

   ─ 계속적 용법은 사용불가

       + This is a house that Jason built in 1999.(O)

       + This is a house, that Jason built in 1999.(X)

   ─ 전치사를 앞에 못둠

        + Jason built the house in which I now live.(O)

        + Jason built the house in that I now live.(X)

   ─ 선행사가 사람 + 사물, 사람 + 동물인 경우; 최상급; 서수; ~thing으로 끝나는 말; all; every; no; any; the same; the very 등일 경우

       + All that glitters is not gold.

       + She is the very woman that I was looking for.

       + This is most wonderful sight that I have ever seen.

 

 

* Must / cannot have + p.p

   ─ must be : 현재사실 확신, must have p,p : 과거사실 확신

   ─ cannot be : 현재사실 확신, cannot have p.p : 과거사실 확신

       + He cannot be an athlete.

       + He cannot have been an athlete.

       + The woman in red over there must be a model.

       + The woman in red over there must have been a model.

       + There must be a better way to evaluate candidates.

       + Something must have happend to him.

       + She cannot be such a bad liar.

       + This search engine cannot have missed the important data.

       + It may rain before evening.

       + He may have been hurt.

       + I should sinish the porject on time.

       + I should have finished the project on time.

       + If you married me, I would do anything for you.

       + If you had married me, I would have done anything for you.

   

 

 

 

표현

* 일상회화 및 표현

The pleasure is all mine.

I was stuck in traffic.

What brings you here?

get shaved/get dressed

commute to work

What are you working on?

What's going on with you?

You seem a little preoccupied with something.

Is something bothering you?

I owe you big time.

 

 

* 통화하기

He's on another line right now.

I'll get it.

Do you have a person by the name of Peter there?

Hello, you've reached the Sales Department. How can I help you?

Please hold and I'll put you throught.

He is tied up with the meeting at the moment.

I'm calling on behalf of A.

I'm afraid the line engaged. Could you call back later?

I'm sorry. There's nobody here by that name.

 

 

* 회의하기

take the minutes

Please be brief

Let's get back on track, why don't we?

absentee : 결석자

alternative : choice of two or more possibilities

conference call : 다자통화

consensus : General agreement

minutes : A written summary of the proceedings at a meetings.

show of hands : 거수투표

 

 

* 발표하기

Let me begin by ~ , secondly~, and finally~

I would lie to take this opportunity to talk to you about~

My talk is divided into N parts.

As you are all aware.

So to summarize the main points of my talk.....

If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask.

summarizing : I'd like to recap the main points of m presetation.

starting : What I'm going to talk about today is how to impove sales.

giving more details : Let elaborate on that

During the last decade, we have passed through the several recession and your efforts and points have been the principal axis of your company's growth. Our company has distinguished itself as a leader in the education industry by performing what appeared to be an almost impossible task.

 

 

* 협상하기

That's mot exactly how I look at it.

There seems to have been a slight misunderstanding.

I get your point.

I never thought about that way before.

I recommend that 

Do you see what I'm getting at?

It sounds like we've found some common ground.

I'm willing to leave there if you are.

I think we both agree to theses terms.

I think we should get this in writting.

Would you be willing to sign a contract right now?

Let's meet again once we've had some time to think.

compromise : Each party gives up certain demands in order to reach an agreement

feasible : Possible. something that can be done.

underestimate : Make too low an estimate of something (과소평가하다)

counter-productive : having the opposite effect to that intended.(역효과를 낳는)

 

 

* 인터뷰

I consider myself reliable.

I'm responsible for~

I deal with~

I'm in charge of~

What relevatn experience do you have?

When can you commence employment with us?

responsive to ~ 에 대응하다

be responsible for / be in charge of ~ 에 책임이 있다

assessment : Evaluation of one's abilities

curriculum vitae : Summary of one's education and experience to date resume.

dismiss : Discharge from employment

fringe benefit : Advantage offered in addition to salary(부가혜택)

maternity leave : 육아휴직

personnel ; 직원

resign : 사직

vacancy : 공석, 결원

faculty : 능력

tenure : 재직, 재임

Imagine one of you staff loses her temper(화를내다) and shouts at you in front of others, how would you deal with(해결하다, 다루다) this?

Have you ever applied for our company before?

Plaese simply fill out the opplication form and return it.

There were much more applicants than we had expected.

 

 

* 방문객 환대하기

I will give you a ride to the hotel.

Let me tgive you a ride to the hotel.

I'll take you to the hotel.

What's your pleasure?

고추장 red-pepper paste

김 dried laver / dried seaweed

양고기 mutton

깍뚜기 cubed white-radish kimchi

jet lag : tireness after a long flight due to differences in time zones.

bording pass : card which authorized passengers to board a plane

 

 

* 해외출장

May I see your ticket, please?

Here you are.

I'd like to book a room please.

vicinity : 부근, 인근

in favor of : ~에 찬성하여, ~하려고

Can we get a discount?

They may get lost in the desert and starve to death.

Can I get you anything whild you are waiting?

 

 

* 이메일쓰기

with regard to ~과 관련하여

due to ~때문에

in charge of ~을 담당하다

at your earliest convenience

intend to ~할 예정이다

We are very sorry for(X to) inconvenience you.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my thanks for~

I would like to express my deep gratitude for~

I leanded that you have been promoted to~

We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Your early reply would be highly appreciated.

Please don't hesitate to contact us whenever you are in need of~

 

 

 

 

독해

─

Dear employees,

 

It is essential that any of your personnel who drive company and personal vehicles in connection with company business maintain a thorough record of any expenses incurred. It is our desire to be certain that you are reimbursed for any expenditure that you make in this regard, and your good record keeping will make this possible. Receipts must be submitted for gasoline purchases, parking expenses and repairs. In addition, we will require you daily record of the number of miles driven, the odometer reading, before and after, and the amount of time spent driving. This information gould be contained in you weekly report to the department head.

Thank you very much for your cooperation in this matter.

 

 

─

To meet the demands required of business in today's hightly competitive market, companies are fining it necessary to provide on ongoing training to their employees. in the past, the training offered by most business was driven by regulation, customer service requirements, and safety compliance issues. However, business are now providing traing as a means of increasing worker productivity and performance. In addition, well-organized training influences employees' recognition of their companies, which leads to improved worker retention.

 

 

─

Listening to someone speaking in a second language over the telephone can be very challenging because you cannot see the person you are trying to hear. However, it may be even more difficult for the person you are talking with to understand you. You amy not realize that your prounciation isn't clear because your teacher and fellow students know and understand you. Pay special attention to your weak areas (such as "r's" and "l's" or "b's" and "v's") when you are on the phone. If you are nervous about using the phone in English, you may notice yourself speaking very quickly. Practise or write down what you are going to say and take a few deep breaths before you make a phone call.

 

Don't pretend to understand everything you hear over the telephone. Even native speakers ask each other to repeat and confirm information grom time to time. This is especially important if you are taking a message for someone else. Learn the appropiate expressions that English speakers use when they don't hear something properly. Don't be afraid to remind the person to slow down more than once. Keep your telephone in an area that is away from other noise distractions such as a radio or television.

 

 

─

Thank you very much for coming to your business briefing. It's my greate honor to intoduce BIZ COMMUNICATION to you today. We have helped our clients imporve their communication skills in many different fields including speaking to large audiences, facilitating in-house group meetings, meeting one-on-one with important clients, offering performance feedback to key employees, and writing important letters, reports, and emails. Our courses are never lectures. paricipants spend most of thier time in coached exercises and role playinig. We often videotape the role play sessions to utilize as a powerful learning tool, and offer post-program reinforcement through edited DVD's that are sent to each participant.

 

 

─

It is my greatest honor to inroduce '2012 MEGA,' which is completely brand new! It ha some remarkable electronics and a revolutionary new propulsion system. It features one of the lightest, stiffest structures for a car and wheels that weigh only 7.5 pounds. In addition to these innovations, thiselectric car also has a smart braking system that can regenerate energy and send it back to the batteries, a heat pump like the one used in some homes, and seven sophisticated on-board computers that control everything from the inerior temperature to charging the battery pack.

 

 

─

You might find yourself in a negotiation situation if you have to ask for a pay rise or promotion, or to get the best possible deal from your suppliers. The ideal outcome is when you give the otehr party what they want, and they can also give you what you want. But sometimes, one person has to compromise and will probably try to negotiate something in return. The important thing is that both parties feel happy with the final result: a "win-win" situation. Although some negotiations are more "important" than others, there are some useful phrases you can use at different stages of the negotiation to make your pisotion clear and to make sure that the other party agrees with you.

 

Be prepared! think about your goals (as well as those of the opposing party) to make sure you are clear about what you want. What can you trade with the other party? Do you have any alternatives that are acceptable to you? If you can also work out possible solutions, then it is easier to find an acceptable outcome. Finally, you should be clear about your "bottom line": the point at which you can offer no more.

 

 

─

Nursing Faculty Position

The school of nursing at Edmond College announces one full-time tenure track faculty position begining with the academic year 2010-2011.

     * Responsibilities:

       Responsibilities include teaching an undergraduate clasroom and clinical nursing courses as well as graduate nursing courses.

     * Qualifications:

        - Earned Doctorate in Nursing, or doctorate in a related field with a Master's degree in Nursing. ABD will be considered

        - Eligible  for RN licensure in the State of Wisconsin.

        - Documented ability to teach in undergraduate and graduate programs, including both classroom and clinical instruction at the undergraduate level.

     * To apply:

        Submit a letter of application describing your teaching and nursing practice, resume, official copies of all trqanscripts, and three letters of reference to:

Human Resources - Nurse

1000 Edmond College Drive, Madison, WI 39098

Email : humanresources@edmond.edu

 

 

─

From : Clarkson@snnu.ac.kr

To : gordon@cread.so.kr

Subject : Thanks

 

I am writing this letter to thank you for you valuable time and guidance duaring my visit to your firm last week. I have learned advertising in my course but this visit was a practical exposure. I oberved a lot of tings in the planning department and loved the interaction that I had with your copywriters.

 

In the month of May, I will be completing my course in Advertising Creation. After the completion of course, I have a pursue a three month internship. If I get an opportunity, I would love to work as an intern with your firm . I will get back to you with my detailed resume in the last week of April.

 

As I ha ddiscussed with you, I had an opportunity to showcase my advertisements in the Annual Conference of Ads future last youer. I even got Second prize. I am creative and can complete work within stipulated time frames. i can handle stress. These skills will help me in working with your growing firm. I will learn a lot of new skills as an intern and help the team with my creative ailitities

 

Thanks one again for arranging the visit and I will get back to you in April to discuss whether you can help me in getting an internship in your firm.

 

Thank you.

Kelly Clarkson

 

 

─

A business trip is a type of tyravel that can be undertaken for a variety of job-related reasons. Business trips can be necessary to meet or entertain clients, visit other facilities within the same company, or optional, and they are usually paid for by the employer. In some cases, business travel can be avoided in favor of voice over Internet protocol teleconferencing, and other telepresence technologies that are less expensive than phsically sending employees to distant locations.

 

 

─

Dear Sir/Madam,

 

I am so delited to write this letter. How many letter over the years have I had the misfortune to write informing you of a price increase? Not this time! This is to advise you that, for a limited period of time, we are recuding prices on certain items in our catalog. Take a moment to review the enclosed catalog. This opportunity is unprecedented!

Please take advantage of these prices. If you wish to order to large quantities, give us a call and we will try to work out mutually accptable terms and conditions. In any event, get your oder in, as these prices are only in effect until the end of month. Thank you in advance for your order.

 

Best wishes,

 

James Crawl

Sales respresntative

 

 

─

Seoul International Marathon will be held in Seoul on march 20. The runners start at the Sejong-ro Intersection and continue through Seongsu-dong, where the city's major ecological centre, Seoul Forest, is located, ending at the Olympic Stadium in Jamsil.

 

Seoul International Marathon is open to anyone over the age of 18 and must be completed within five hours. All runners are given a pedometer to record the distance run (and eliminate anyone taking sortcuts) and are presented with a prize and a medal at the finish. There are large cash prizes for athletes in the elite division.